Legend has it that during the reign of King Wu of Zhou, an alchemist by the name of Fang Fu followed Laozi to Mount Lushan, where they built a cottage to live in seclusion and make pills of immortality. Finally, they became immortals, with their cottage remaining on Mount Lushan. Thus, the mountain was named Lushan (“Cottage Mountain”). In ancient times, many recluses chose to live in mountains. Though in ancient China, recluses also lived in gardens and cities, or served as officials but did not seek fame and wealth, most of them lived in mountains. Among famous Chinese mountains, Mount Lushan is known for highly developed recluse culture. Beginning the Wei and Jin dynasties, when Mount Lushan began to be developed, scholars successively came to Mount Lushan to live in seclusion. Among famous Chinese mountains, Mount Lushan attracted the largest number of recluses.